An assumption is a belief that forms one of the bases for the research. This belief is not to be tested or supported with empirical data. Very often belief is not stated in a research proposal.
假設是一個研究基礎的一個信念，這個信念不被測試或實驗資料所支持。很多時候這個信念不會出現在研究的提案中。
A hypothesis is a tentative answer to a research question.
假設是試探性的回答研究問題
Where can a hypothesis be derived from?
假設可能衍生自哪裡？
a. from the observation before the research is conducted. This is called inductive hypothesis
a. 從研究進行之前的觀察，這被稱為「歸納假說」( inductive hypothesis)。
b. from the theory. This is called deductive hypothesis.
b. 從理論而來，這被稱為演繹假說(deductive hypothesis)
It does not matter how you derive it, but it must: (a) state relationship between variables, (b) be testable–remember the operational definition, (c) be consistent with the existing theory/knowledge, and (d) be simple and concise.
There are two types of hypothesis: research hypothesis and null hypothesis.
有兩種假說, 研究假說及虛無假說。
Research hypothesis. A research hypothesis is usually developed from experience, literature or theory, or combination of these. This is the expected relationship between variables.
研究假說經常從經驗、文獻、理論或這些得組合來發展。這是變數之間的預期關係。
Example:
Pak Sigit wants to research the relation between debating activities and argumentative writing skills. First of all, Pak Sigit believes (assumes) that in debating activities, students use their logical capacity to build an argument to support the topic of the debate. Similarly, in writing argumentative writing, students also need logical capacity to build arguments to support the topic of their writings. In short, Pak Sigit’s assumption is the skills obtained in debating capacities can be transfered into writing ability.
After reading and observing the phenomenon, he develops a research hypothesis, “there is a positive correlation between students’ debating activities and argumentative writing skills.” This kind of hypothesis is called directional hypothesis.
Another type of hypothesis is non-directional hypothesis. Example: there is a correlation between students’ debating activities and writing skills.
Null hypothesis. A null hypothesis is the one that states NO relationship between varibales. The function is to let the research test the hypothesis statistically.
Please make the null hypothesis of the above research hypothesis.
STEPS TO TEST THYPOTHESIS
1. Make the null hypothesis
2. select the suitable research method
3. do research and measure the result
4. analyze the data and test the hypothesis statistically
ASSIGNMENT:
Please write your research question, the research hypothesis and null hypothesis. Write them here as a comment to this post. Write also your class after your name at the end of the comment.
Reference:
Ary, Donald, et al. 2002. Introduction to Research in Education. Belmont: Wadswroth Group
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